How Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Can Reduce Pain Induced by Fibromyalgia

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By: Clay Womack Managing Director – ATX Hyperbarics

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Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas. This condition affects millions of people worldwide, predominantly women. Despite its prevalence, the exact cause of fibromyalgia remains unknown, and treatment options are often aimed at symptom management rather than addressing the root cause. One emerging treatment option that has shown promise in alleviating the symptoms of fibromyalgia, particularly pain, is Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT).

Understanding Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a complex syndrome involving multiple systems in the body. Symptoms often include:

• Widespread Pain: A key symptom, often described as a constant dull ache that has lasted for at least three months.

 

• Fatigue: People with fibromyalgia often wake up tired, even though they report sleeping for long periods.

 

• Cognitive Difficulties: Commonly referred to as "fibro fog," these include memory issues, difficulty concentrating, and mental fatigue.

 

• Other Symptoms: These can include headaches, depression, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, and temporomandibular joint disorders.
   

The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve abnormalities in pain signaling and processing in the brain and nervous system, hormonal imbalances, and genetic predispositions.

 

 

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: An Overview

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized room or chamber. It’s typically used to treat conditions that benefit from increased oxygen levels in the blood and tissues, such as decompression sickness in divers, serious infections, wounds that won't heal, and carbon monoxide poisoning.

During HBOT, the air pressure is increased to two times higher than normal atmospheric pressure. Under these conditions, your lungs can gather more oxygen than would be possible breathing pure oxygen at normal air pressure. The blood then carries this oxygen throughout your body, stimulating the release of growth factors and stem cells which promote healing.

Typically, sessions last an hour. The effects of the supersaturation of oxygen dissipate within four hours or so, depending on the condition being treated. 

Mechanisms of Pain Relief in Fibromyalgia through HBOT

Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how this therapy can alleviate pain and other symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia:

1. Increased Oxygen Delivery

One of the primary benefits of  hyperbaric oxygen therapy is its ability to increase the amount of oxygen delivered to tissues. In fibromyalgia patients, enhanced oxygen delivery can help repair damaged tissues and reduce muscle pain and fatigue.

2. Reduction of Inflammation

HBOT has anti-inflammatory properties. It reduces inflammation by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines. This can be particularly beneficial for fibromyalgia patients, as inflammation is often a contributing factor to their pain and discomfort.

3. Neuroplasticity and Brain Function

Studies have shown that fibromyalgia may involve abnormalities in the brain, such as altered pain processing. HBOT can promote neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. This can help normalize pain processing and reduce the central sensitization often seen in fibromyalgia patients.

4. Enhanced Mitochondrial Function

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells, and their dysfunction has been implicated in fibromyalgia. HBOT enhances mitochondrial function, leading to improved energy production and reduced fatigue.

5. Psychological Benefits

Chronic pain often leads to psychological issues such as depression and anxiety, which can exacerbate the symptoms of fibromyalgia. HBOT has been found to improve mood and reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, likely due to its effects on brain function and neuroplasticity.

 

Clinical Evidence Supporting HBOT for Fibromyalgia

Several studies have investigated the effects of this therapy on fibromyalgia, providing promising results:

Study 1: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Can Diminish Fibromyalgia Syndrome – Prospective Clinical Trial

In a landmark study published in PLOS ONE in 2015, researchers conducted a prospective clinical trial involving 60 women diagnosed with fibromyalgia. The participants were divided into two groups: one group received 40 sessions of HBOT, while the control group received no treatment. The results were remarkable:

• Pain Reduction: The HBOT group experienced a significant reduction in pain levels.
• Quality of Life: Participants reported improvements in overall quality of life.
• Brain Function: Neuroimaging showed enhanced brain activity in areas associated with pain processing.
  
  

Study 2: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Fibromyalgia – A Randomized Controlled Trial

Another study published in 2018 in the journal Pain Research and Management conducted a randomized controlled trial with 48 fibromyalgia patients. Participants received either HBOT or a placebo treatment. The findings included:

• Decreased Pain Sensitivity: Significantly reduced pain sensitivity.
• Improved Sleep: Participants reported better sleep quality.
• Enhanced Cognitive Function: There were improvements in cognitive symptoms associated with fibromyalgia.

 

Patient Experiences and Testimonials

Beyond clinical trials, numerous anecdotal reports and testimonials from fibromyalgia patients have highlighted the benefits of HBOT:

Case Study: Sarah's Journey 

Sarah, a 45-year-old woman diagnosed with fibromyalgia, had struggled with chronic pain and fatigue for over a decade. Traditional treatments provided limited relief. Upon discovering HBOT, she underwent 30 sessions over the course of two months. Sarah reported:

• Significant Pain Relief: Her pain levels decreased from an 8/10 to a 3/10.
• Increased Energy: She experienced a notable boost in her energy levels.
• Improved Mental Clarity: The "fibro fog" lifted, and she regained her ability to focus and think clearly.
  
  

Testimonial: John's Experience

John, a 52-year-old fibromyalgia patient, described his experience with HBOT as life-changing. After 20 sessions, he noted:

• Better Sleep: He was able to sleep through the night without waking up multiple times.
• Reduced Medication Dependency: He reduced his reliance on pain medications.
• Enhanced Physical Activity: John could engage in physical activities that were previously too painful.
  
  

Integrating HBOT into a Fibromyalgia Treatment Plans

While this therapy shows promise, it should be considered as part of a comprehensive treatment plan for fibromyalgia. Here are some considerations for integrating HBOT into a treatment regimen:

Consultation with Healthcare Providers

Before starting treatment, it's crucial to consult with healthcare providers who specialize in fibromyalgia and hyperbaric medicine. They can evaluate the suitability of HBOT for individual patients and monitor progress.

Find a Provider Near You

Combining HBOT with Other Therapies

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy can be used alongside other therapies, such as:

• Medication: Including pain relievers, antidepressants, and anti-seizure drugs.
• Physical Therapy: To improve strength, flexibility, and stamina.
• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): To address psychological aspects of chronic pain.
• Lifestyle Modifications: Such as regular exercise, stress management techniques, and dietary changes.
  
  

Monitoring and Adjusting Treatment

Regular monitoring of symptoms and adjusting the treatment plan as needed can help maximize the benefits. Patients should keep a symptom diary to track changes and communicate with their healthcare team.

 

Potential Risks and Considerations

While HBOT is generally considered safe, it is not without risks. Potential side effects include:

• Barotrauma: Damage to the ears or sinuses due to pressure changes.
• Oxygen Toxicity: Seizures caused by too much oxygen in the central nervous system.
• Claustrophobia: Anxiety due to being in a pressurized chamber.

These risks are generally rare and temporary. It is important to undergo HBOT treatment under the supervision of trained medical professionals to mitigate these risks.

Physicians who administer HBOT should have completed specialized training in hyperbaric medicine such as certification from the Undersea and Hyperbaric Meical Society (UHMS). The facility should be accredited. Nurses and hyperbaric technologists must also be licensed and should have specialized certification, such as Certified Hyperbaric Registered Nurse (CHRN) or Certified Hyperbaric Technologist (CHT)

Insurance Coverage

Insurance generally covers hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for the following 14 FDA-approved conditions:

1. Air or Gas Embolism - Air bubbles in the bloodstream, typically from diving or medical procedures.
2. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning and Smoke Inhalation - Poisoning from inhaling carbon monoxide or smoke.
3. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion - Blockage in the central artery of the retina.
4. Chronic Refractory Osteomyelitis - Persistent bone infections resistant to treatment.
5. Crush Injury and Other Acute Traumatic Ischemias - Injuries causing sudden and severe restriction of blood flow.
6. Decompression Sickness - Also known as "the bends," occurs in divers who ascend too quickly.
7. Diabetic Lower Extremity Wounds - Severe diabetic foot ulcers and other non-healing wounds.
8. Failed Skin Grafts and Flaps - Complications with skin grafts and flaps due to blood supply issues.
9. Gas Gangrene - Severe bacterial infection causing gas production in tissues.
10. Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections - Rapidly progressing infections caused by flesh-eating bacteria.
11. Radiation Tissue Damage - Tissue damage following radiation therapy, such as in cancer treatments.
12. Severe Anemia - Acute blood loss from trauma or surgery when transfusions are not possible.
13. Thermal Burns - Severe burns caused by heat, steam, or hot objects.
14. Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (ISSHL) - Sudden unexplained hearing loss 

Treatment for fibromyalgia is usually not covered. Treatment sessions generally cost $250-$400 so this treatment can be costly.

 

Conclusion

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy represents a promising avenue for reducing pain and improving quality of life for fibromyalgia patients. By enhancing oxygen delivery, reducing inflammation, promoting neuroplasticity, and improving mitochondrial function, HBOT addresses multiple facets of this complex condition. While further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and long-term benefits, current evidence and patient testimonials provide hope for those seeking relief from the debilitating symptoms of fibromyalgia.

As with any medical treatment, it is essential to consult with healthcare providers to determine the best approach tailored to individual needs. With continued advancements and integration into comprehensive treatment plans, HBOT has the potential to transform the management of fibromyalgia and offer a new lease on life for sufferers worldwide.

By providing a detailed overview of the mechanisms, clinical evidence, patient experiences, and practical considerations, this blog post aims to inform and inspire those seeking new ways to manage fibromyalgia pain through Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Our clinics in Austin treat many patients with fibromyalgia and many other inflammatory conditions.  You can reach us at ATXHyperbarics.com or 512.953.9421.

 

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Fibromyalgia: A Guide to Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Holistic Treatment

The Six Best Natural Treatments for Fibromyalgia Pain Relief
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